Uzibuza ukuba ungazikhetha njani izintonga zokuwelda ezifanelekileyo kwisicelo?
Fumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga ne-stick electrode.
Nokuba ungumenzi wezinto ozilungisayo onamathelisa iintsimbi izihlandlo ezimbalwa ngonyaka okanye ungumthungi ochwephesha onamathelisa yonke imihla, into enye eqinisekileyo: Ukuthungela iintsimbi kufuna ubuchule obuninzi. Kukwafuna ulwazi oluthile malunga nee-electrodes zentsimbi (ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziintonga zokuthungela).
Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezinje ngeendlela zokugcina izinto, ububanzi be-electrode kunye nokwakheka kwe-flux zonke zinegalelo ekukhetheni nasekusebenzeni kweentonga ze-stick, ukuzixhobisa ngolwazi olusisiseko kunokukunceda unciphise ukudideka kwaye uqinisekise ngcono impumelelo yokuwelda ii-stick.
1. Zeziphi ii-electrode ezinamathelayo eziqhelekileyo?
Kukho amakhulu, ukuba ayingamawaka, ee-electrode ezinamathelayo, kodwa ezona zidumileyo kwi-American Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Specification yee-Carbon Steel Electrodes ze-Shielded Metal Arc Welding. Ezi ziquka ii-electrodes ze-E6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 kunye ne-E7018.
2. Kuthetha ukuthini ukwahlulwahlulwa kwee-electrode ze-stick stick ze-AWS?
Ukunceda ekuchongeni ii-electrode ezinamathelayo, i-AWS isebenzisa indlela eqhelekileyo yokwahlulahlula. Ukwahlulwahlulwa kuthatha uhlobo lwamanani kunye noonobumba abaprintiweyo emacaleni ee-electrode ezinamathelayo, kwaye nganye imele iimpawu ezithile ze-electrode.
Kwii-electrode zentsimbi ethambileyo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo ye-AWS:
● Unobumba othi “E” ubonisa i-electrode.
● Amanani amabini okuqala amele amandla okutsalwa kwe-weld aphumayo, alinganiswa ngeeponti nge-intshi yesikwere (psi). Umzekelo, inani lama-70 kwi-electrode ye-E7018 libonisa ukuba i-electrode iya kuvelisa i-weld bead enamandla okutsalwa kwe-70,000 psi.
● Inombolo yesithathu imele indawo (iindawo) zokuwelda apho i-electrode ingasetyenziselwa khona. Umzekelo, u-1 uthetha ukuba i-electrode ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindawo kwaye u-2 uthetha ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwii-welds ze-fillet ezithe tyaba nezithe tye kuphela.
● Inombolo yesine imele uhlobo lokugquma kunye nohlobo lomsinga wokuwelda (i-AC, i-DC okanye zombini) onokusetyenziswa kunye ne-electrode.
3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwee-electrodes ze-E6010, E6011, E6012 kunye ne-E6013 kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe nini?
● Ii-electrode ze-E6010 zingasetyenziswa kuphela ngemithombo yamandla yamandla angoku ngqo (DC). Zinika ukungena okunzulu kunye nokukwazi ukumba umhlwa, ioyile, ipeyinti kunye nodaka. Uninzi lwabashicileli beepayipi abanamava basebenzisa ezi electrode zeendawo zonke kwiindlela zokushicilela iingcambu kumbhobho. Nangona kunjalo, ii-electrode ze-E6010 zine-arc eqinileyo kakhulu, enokwenza kube nzima ukuba abashicileli abasaqalayo bayisebenzise.
● Ii-electrode ze-E6011 zingasetyenziselwa ukuwelda kwindawo yonke kusetyenziswa umthombo wamandla wokuwelda we-alternating current (AC). Njengee-electrode ze-E6010, ii-electrode ze-E6011 zivelisa i-arc enzulu, engena ngaphakathi enqumla kwiintsimbi ezibolileyo okanye ezingacocekanga. Abawelda abaninzi bakhetha ii-electrode ze-E6011 ukuze balungise kwaye balungise xa umthombo wamandla we-DC ungafumaneki.
● Ii-electrode ze-E6012 zisebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezifuna ukuvalwa kwesithuba phakathi kwamalungu amabini. Uninzi lwabawelda abaziingcali lukhetha ii-electrode ze-E6012 kwii-fillet welds ezikhawulezayo nezinamandla aphezulu kwindawo ethe tye, kodwa ezi electrode zidla ngokuvelisa iprofayili yokungena engaphantsi kunye ne-slag exineneyo eya kufuna ukucoca okongezelelweyo emva kokuwelda.
● Ii-electrode ze-E6013 zenza i-arc ethambileyo ene-spatter encinci, zinika ukungena okuphakathi kwaye zine-slag esuswayo ngokulula. Ezi electrode mazisetyenziswe kuphela ukuwelda isinyithi esitsha nesicocekileyo.
4. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwee-electrodes ze-E7014, E7018 kunye ne-E7024 kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe nini?
● Ii-electrode ze-E7014 zivelisa malunga nokungena kwamalungu afanayo nee-electrode ze-E6012 kwaye zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiintsimbi zekhabhoni kunye ne-low-alloy. Ii-electrode ze-E7014 ziqulathe ubuninzi be-iron powder, nto leyo enyusa izinga lokufakwa. Zingasetyenziswa nakwii-amperage eziphezulu kunee-electrode ze-E6012.
● Ii-electrode ze-E7018 ziqulathe ulwelo oluqinileyo olunomxholo ophezulu wepowder kwaye zezinye zee-electrode ezilula ukuzisebenzisa. Ezi electrode zivelisa i-arc egudileyo, ezolileyo enokusasaza okuncinci kunye nokungena kwe-arc okuphakathi. Abawelda abaninzi basebenzisa ii-electrode ze-E7018 ukuwelda iintsimbi ezixineneyo ezifana nentsimbi yesakhiwo. Ii-electrode ze-E7018 zikwavelisa ii-welds ezinamandla ezineempawu eziphezulu (nokuba kushushu) kwaye zingasetyenziswa kwintsimbi yekhabhoni, i-carbon ephezulu, i-alloy ephantsi okanye i-steel base metals enamandla aphezulu.
● Ii-electrode ze-E7024 ziqulathe umgubo wentsimbi omninzi onceda ekwandiseni amazinga okufakwa. Abawelda abaninzi basebenzisa ii-electrode ze-E7024 kwii-welds ze-fillet ezithe tyaba okanye ezithe tyaba. Ezi electrode zisebenza kakuhle kwipleyiti yentsimbi enobukhulu obuyi-intshi eyi-1/4. Zingasetyenziswa nakwizinyithi ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-intshi eyi-1/2.
5. Ndingayikhetha njani i-electrode yentonga?
Okokuqala, khetha i-electrode enamathelayo ehambelana neempawu zamandla kunye nokwakheka kwesinyithi esisisiseko. Umzekelo, xa usebenza kwisinyithi esithambileyo, ngokubanzi nayiphi na i-electrode ye-E60 okanye ye-E70 iya kusebenza.
Okulandelayo, fanisa uhlobo lwe-electrode nendawo yokuwelda kwaye ucinge ngomthombo wamandla okhoyo. Khumbula, ii-electrode ezithile zingasetyenziswa kuphela kwi-DC okanye kwi-AC, ngelixa ezinye ii-electrode zingasetyenziswa kwi-DC nakwi-AC.
Hlola uyilo lwejoyinti kunye nokulingana kwayo kwaye ukhethe i-electrode eya kubonelela ngeempawu ezilungileyo zokungena (ukumba, okuphakathi okanye okukhanyayo). Xa usebenza kwijoyinti ene-tight fit-up okanye engatyebanga, ii-electrode ezifana ne-E6010 okanye i-E6011 ziya kubonelela ngee-arcs zokumba ukuqinisekisa ukungena okwaneleyo. Kwizinto ezincinci okanye ii-joyinti ezineengcambu ezibanzi, khetha i-electrode ene-arc ekhanyayo okanye ethambileyo efana ne-E6013.
Ukuze uphephe ukuqhekeka kwe-welding kwizinto ezixineneyo, ezinzima kunye/okanye uyilo oludibeneyo oluntsonkothileyo, khetha i-electrode enobunzima obukhulu. Kwakhona cinga ngemeko yenkonzo eya kuhlangabezana nayo inxalenye kunye neenkcukacha ekufuneka ihlangabezane nazo. Ngaba iza kusetyenziswa kwindawo enobushushu obuphantsi, ubushushu obuphezulu okanye indawo yokulayisha i-shock? Kwezi zicelo, i-electrode ye-hydrogen E7018 ephantsi isebenza kakuhle.
Kwakhona cinga ngendlela esebenza ngayo imveliso. Xa usebenza kwindawo ethe tyaba, ii-electrode ezinomxholo ophezulu we-iron powder, njenge-E7014 okanye i-E7024, zibonelela ngamanani aphezulu okufakwa kwe-deposit.
Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, soloko ujonga iinkcukacha zokuwelda kunye neenkqubo zohlobo lwe-electrode.
6. Yintoni umsebenzi owenziwa yi-flux ejikeleze i-electrode yentonga?
Zonke ii-electrode ezinamathelayo zenziwe ngentonga ejikelezwe yingubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-flux, esebenzela iinjongo ezibalulekileyo ezininzi. Enyanisweni yi-flux, okanye isigqubuthelo, kwi-electrode elawula indawo kunye nendlela i-electrode engasetyenziswa ngayo.
Xa i-arc ibethwa, i-flux iyatsha ize ivelise uthotho lwee-chemical reactions ezintsonkothileyo. Njengoko izithako ze-flux zitsha kwi-welding arc, zikhupha igesi yokukhusela ichibi le-weld elinyibilikisiweyo kwi-atmospheric ingcoliseko. Xa ichibi le-weld liphola, i-flux yenza i-slag ukukhusela isinyithi se-weld kwi-oxidation kunye nokuthintela ukubola kwi-weld bead.
I-Flux ikwaqulathe izinto ezibangela ukuba i-arc izinze ngakumbi (ingakumbi xa idityaniswa ngomthombo wamandla we-AC), kunye nee-alloys ezinika i-weld amandla ayo okubamba kunye namandla okutsala.
Ezinye ii-electrode zisebenzisa i-flux enomxube ophezulu we-iron powder ukunceda ukwandisa amazinga okufakwa, ngelixa ezinye ziqulathe ii-deoxidizer ezongezelelweyo ezisebenza njengee-agents zokucoca kwaye zinokungena kwiindawo zokusebenza ezibolileyo okanye ezingcolileyo okanye kwisikali semill.
7. I-electrode ye-high deposition stick kufuneka isetyenziswe nini?
Ii-electrode ezinezinga eliphezulu lokufaka zinokunceda ukugqiba umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ezi electrode zinemida. Umgubo wesinyithi owongezelelweyo kwezi electrode wenza ichibi lokuwelda libe manzi ngakumbi, oko kuthetha ukuba ii-electrode ezinezinga eliphezulu lokufaka azinakusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezingaphandle kwendawo.
Kananjalo azinakusetyenziselwa usetyenziso olubalulekileyo okanye olufunekayo kwikhowudi, njengokwenziwa kwesitya soxinzelelo okanye ibhoyila, apho iintsimbi ze-weld ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Ii-electrode ezigcina ulwelo oluphezulu ziyindlela entle kakhulu yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingabalulekanga kangako, njengokudityaniswa kwetanki yokugcina ulwelo okanye iziqwenga ezibini zesinyithi esingengolwakhiwo kunye.
8. Yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo yokugcina nokuphinda womise ii-electrode ze-stick?
Indawo eshushu nefumileyo ephantsi yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokugcina ii-electrode ezinamathelayo. Umzekelo, ii-electrode ezininzi zentsimbi ethambileyo, ezine-hydrogen ephantsi ye-E7018 kufuneka zigcinwe kubushushu obuphakathi kwama-250- kunye nama-300-degrees Fahrenheit.
Ngokubanzi, amaqondo obushushu okubuyisela i-electrode angaphezulu kunobushushu bokugcina, nto leyo enceda ekususeni umswakama ogqithisileyo. Ukubuyisela i-electrode ye-hydrogen E7018 ephantsi ekuthethwe ngayo apha ngasentla, imeko-bume yokubuyisela isukela kuma-500 ukuya kuma-800 degrees F kangangeyure enye ukuya kwezimbini.
Ezinye ii-electrode, ezifana ne-E6011, zifuna ukugcinwa zomile kuphela kubushushu begumbi, obuchazwa njengamanqanaba okufuma angadluli kwi-70% kubushushu obuphakathi kwama-40 kunye nama-120 degrees F.
Ukuze ufumane amaxesha athile okugcina nokulungisa izinto kunye namaqondo obushushu, soloko ujonga iingcebiso zomenzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-23-2022