Ngaba uyazibuza ukuba ungakhetha njani intonga yokuwelda echanekileyo kwisicelo?
Fumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo esoloko ibuzwa malunga ne-electrode yentonga.
Nokuba uyi-DIYer ebambelela kwiiwelds izihlandlo ezimbalwa ngonyaka okanye ichule lokuwelda eliwelda yonke imihla, inye into eqinisekileyo: Ukuwelda ngenduku kufuna ubuchule obuninzi.Kukwafuna ukwazi malunga nee-electrode zentonga (ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-welding rods).
Ngenxa yokuba izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinje ngobuchule bokugcina, idiameter ye-electrode kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-flux zonke zinegalelo ekukhetheni intonga kunye nokusebenza, ukuxhobisa ngolwazi olusisiseko kunokukunceda unciphise ukubhideka kunye nokuqinisekisa ngcono impumelelo yentonga yokuwelda.
1. Zeziphi ezona electrode zentonga eziqhelekileyo?
Amakhulu, ukuba ayingawo amawaka ee-electrode ezincangathi zikhona, kodwa ezona zidumileyo ziwela kwi-American Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding.Ezi ziquka i-E6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 kunye ne-E7018 electrodes.
2. Luthetha ukuthini ulwahlulo lwe-electrode yentonga ye-AWS?
Ukunceda ekuchongeni i-electrode yentonga, i-AWS isebenzisa isistim sokuhlelwa ngokwemigangatho.Ukuhlelwa kuthatha imo yamanani kunye noonobumba abaprintiweyo kumacala e-electrode stick, kwaye nganye imele iimpawu ezithile ze-electrode.
Kwii-electrode zentsimbi ezithambileyo ezikhankanywe ngasentla, nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo ye-AWS:
● Unobumba “E” ubonisa i-electrode.
● Amanani amabini okuqala amele awona mandla e-weld aphantsi kwesiphumo, alinganiswa ngeeponti nge-intshi nganye yesikwere (psi).Ngokomzekelo, inombolo ye-70 kwi-electrode ye-E7018 ibonisa ukuba i-electrode iya kuvelisa i-weld bead kunye namandla amancinci angama-70,000 psi.
● Idijithi yesithathu imele indawo ye-welding (s) apho i-electrode ingasetyenziselwa khona.Ngokomzekelo, i-1 ithetha ukuba i-electrode ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke izikhundla kwaye i-2 ithetha ukuba ingasetyenziselwa kwi-flat and horizontal fillet welds kuphela.
● Idijithi yesine imele uhlobo lokugquma kunye nohlobo lwe-welding current (AC, DC okanye zombini) ezinokusetyenziswa kunye ne-electrode.
3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-E6010, E6011, E6012 kunye ne-E6013 electrodes kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe nini?
● I-electrodes ye-E6010 inokusetyenziswa kuphela ngemithombo yamandla yangoku (DC).Bazisa ukungena okunzulu kunye nokukwazi ukumba umhlwa, ioli, ipeyinti kunye nokungcola.Uninzi lwabashicileli bemibhobho abanamava basebenzisa ezi electrode zonke-indawo yokuwela iingcambu kumbhobho.Nangona kunjalo, ii-electrode ze-E6010 zine-arc eqinile kakhulu, enokwenza kube nzima ukuba i-welders ye-novice isetyenziswe.
● I-electrodes ye-E6011 nayo ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa yonke indawo usebenzisa i-alternating current (AC) umthombo wamandla we-welding.Njengama-electrode e-E6010, i-electrode ye-E6011 ivelisa i-arc enzulu, engena ngaphakathi enqumla ngeentsimbi ezigqwesileyo okanye ezingcolileyo.Abashiseli abaninzi bakhetha i-E6011 electrode yokugcina kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa xa umthombo wamandla we-DC ungekho.
● I-electrode ye-E6012 isebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezifuna i-gap bridging phakathi kwamalungu amabini.Uninzi lwee-welders ezichwephesha zikhetha i-E6012 electrode ye-high-speed, i-high-current fillet welds kwindawo ethe tye, kodwa ezi electrode zivame ukuvelisa iphrofayili yokungena enzulu kunye ne-slag eshinyeneyo eya kufuna ukucocwa okongezelelweyo emva kwe-weld.
● I-electrode ye-E6013 ivelisa i-arc ethambileyo kunye ne-spatter encinci, inika ukungena okuphakathi kwaye ibe ne-slag ekhutshwa lula.Ezi electrode kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ukuwelda intsimbi ecocekileyo, entsha.
4. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-E7014, E7018 kunye ne-E7024 electrode kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe nini?
● I-electrodes ye-E7014 ivelisa malunga nokungena ngokubambisana okufanayo njenge-electrode ye-E6012 kwaye yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwikhabhoni kunye ne-low-alloy steels.I-electrodes ye-E7014 iqulethe inani eliphezulu le-iron powder, elonyusa izinga lokubeka.Zingaphinda zisetyenziswe kwi-amperage ephezulu kune-E6012 electrode.
● I-E7018 electrode iqulethe i-flux eshinyeneyo kunye nomxholo ophezulu womgubo kwaye yenye yezona electrode ezilula ukuzisebenzisa.Ezi electrode zivelisa i-arc egudileyo, ezolileyo ene-spatter encinci kunye nokungena kwe-arc ephakathi.Iiwelder ezininzi zisebenzisa i-E7018 electrode ukuwelda iintsimbi ezingqindilili njengentsimbi yolwakhiwo.I-electrodes ye-E7018 iphinda ivelise i-welds eqinile eneempawu eziphezulu (nangona kwimozulu ebandayo) kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kwi-carbon steel, i-high-carbon, i-alloy ephantsi okanye i-high-high-strey-high-strength base base metals.
● I-electrode ye-E7024 iqulethe isixa esikhulu somgubo wentsimbi onceda ukunyusa amazinga okubekwa.Iiwelders ezininzi zisebenzisa i-E7024 electrode kwi-high-speed horizontal or flat fillet welds.Ezi electrode zisebenza kakuhle kwipleyiti yentsimbi ubuncinane 1/4-intshi ubukhulu.Zisenokusetyenziswa kwiintsimbi ezinomlinganiselo ongaphezulu kwe-1/2-intshi ubukhulu.
5. Ndingayikhetha njani intonga ye-electrode?
Okokuqala, khetha i-electrode yentonga ehambelana neempawu zamandla kunye nokubunjwa kwesiseko sesinyithi.Ngokomzekelo, xa usebenza kwintsimbi epholileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo nayiphi na i-E60 okanye i-E70 electrode iya kusebenza.
Emva koko, fanisa uhlobo lwe-electrode kwindawo ye-welding kwaye uqwalasele umthombo wamandla okhoyo.Khumbula, ii-electrode ezithile zinokusetyenziswa kuphela nge-DC okanye i-AC, ngelixa ezinye ii-electrode zingasetyenziswa kunye ne-DC kunye ne-AC.
Vavanya idizayini edibeneyo kunye nokulungelelanisa kwaye ukhethe i-electrode eya kubonelela ngeempawu zokungena ezigqwesileyo (ukumba, okuphakathi okanye ukukhanya).Xa usebenza ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-tight fit-up okanye enye i-beveled, i-electrodes efana ne-E6010 okanye i-E6011 iya kubonelela ngee-arcs zokumba ukuqinisekisa ukungena okwaneleyo.Kwiimathiriyeli ezibhityileyo okanye amalungu aneengcambu ezivulekileyo, khetha i-electrode ene-arc ekhanyayo okanye ethambileyo efana ne-E6013.
Ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka kwe-weld kwizinto ezishinyeneyo, ezinzima kunye / okanye ziyilwe ngokudibeneyo, khetha i-electrode ene-ductility ephezulu.Kwakhona qwalasela imeko yenkonzo eliza kudibana nayo icandelo kunye neenkcukacha ekufuneka lihlangabezane nazo.Ngaba iya kusetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, ubushushu obuphezulu okanye kwindawo enomthwalo owothusayo?Kwezi zicelo, i-electrode ephantsi ye-hydrogen E7018 isebenza kakuhle.
Kwakhona qwalasela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.Xa usebenza kwi-flat position, i-electrodes enomxholo ophezulu we-iron powder, njenge-E7014 okanye i-E7024, inikezela ngamazinga aphezulu okubeka.
Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, soloko ujonga ukucaciswa kwe-welding kunye neenkqubo zohlobo lwe-electrode.
6. Nguwuphi umsebenzi owenziwayo ngumsinga ojikeleze i-electrode yentonga?
Zonke ii-electrodes zentonga zinentonga erhangqwe sisigqubuthelo esibizwa ngokuba yi-flux, esebenza iinjongo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.Ngokwenene kukuguquguquka, okanye isigqubuthelo, kwi-electrode echaza ukuba i-electrode ingasetyenziswa phi kwaye njani.
Xa i-arc ibethelwa, i-flux iyatshisa kwaye ivelise uluhlu lwee-chemical reactions eziyinkimbinkimbi.Njengoko izithako ze-flux zitshisa kwi-arc ye-welding, zikhupha igesi ekhuselayo ukukhusela i-weld pool etyhidiweyo kukungcola okusemoyeni.Xa i-weld pool iphola, i-flux yenza i-slag ukukhusela intsimbi ye-weld kwi-oxidation kunye nokuthintela i-porosity kwi-weld bead.
I-Flux iqulethe izinto ze-ionizing ezenza i-arc izinze ngakumbi (ingakumbi xa i-welding kunye nomthombo wamandla we-AC), kunye ne-alloys enika i-weld i-ductility yayo kunye namandla okuqina.
Ezinye i-electrode zisebenzisa i-flux kunye noxinaniso oluphezulu lwe-iron powder ukunceda ukwandisa amazinga e-deposition, ngelixa ezinye ziqulethe i-deoxidizers ezongezelelweyo ezisebenza njengee-agent zokucoca kwaye zinokungena kwi-workpieces e-corroded okanye engcolileyo okanye isikali sokusila.
7. Kufuneka isetyenziswe nini intonga ye-electrode ephezulu?
Ii-electrodes eziphezulu zokubeka i-electrode zinokunceda ukugqiba umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ezi electrode zinemida.Umgubo wentsimbi owongezelelweyo kwezi electrode wenza i-weld pool ibe nolwelo kakhulu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-electrodes ephezulu yokubeka ayinakusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezingaphandle kwendawo.
Kananjalo abanakusetyenziselwa izicelo ezibalulekileyo okanye ikhowudi-ezifunekayo, ezifana nesitya soxinzelelo okanye i-boiler fabrication, apho ubuhlalu be-weld buxhomekeke kuxinzelelo oluphezulu.
I-electrode yokubekwa okuphezulu lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwizicelo ezingabalulekanga, njengokuwelda itanki yokugcina ulwelo okanye iziqwenga ezibini zesinyithi esingengolwakhiwo kunye.
8. Yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo yokugcina kunye nokomisa kwakhona ii-electrodes zentonga?
Indawo eshushu, nokufuma okuphantsi yeyona ndawo ilungileyo yokugcina i-electrode yezinti.Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi isinyithi esithambileyo, i-electrode ephantsi ye-hydrogen E7018 kufuneka igcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa phakathi kwe-250 kunye ne-300-degrees Fahrenheit.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaqondo okushisa okulungisa i-electrode aphezulu kunobushushu bokugcina, okunceda ukuphelisa ukufuma okugqithisileyo.Ukuhlaziya i-electrode ephantsi ye-hydrogen E7018 exoxwe ngasentla, indawo yokubuyisela isuka kwi-500 ukuya kwi-800 degrees F kwiyure enye ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini.
Ezinye ii-electrode, ezifana ne-E6011, zifuna kuphela ukugcinwa zomile kwiqondo lobushushu legumbi, elichazwa njengamanqanaba okufuma angagqithiyo kuma-70 ekhulwini kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwe-40 ne-120 degrees F.
Ukugcinwa okuthe ngqo kunye namaxesha okulungisa kunye namaqondo obushushu, hlala ubhekisa kwiingcebiso zomenzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-23-2022