Eli nqaku livela kwi-Wenzhou Tianyu Electronic Co., Ltd.
Izakhono ezenza isinyithi esingenasici sibe nomtsalane - ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa iimpawu zayo zoomatshini kunye nokuchasana nokubola kunye ne-oxidation - kwandisa ubunzima bokukhetha isinyithi esifanelekileyo sokuzalisa ukuwelda.Kuyo nayiphi na indibaniselwano yesiseko esinikiweyo, nayiphi na enye yeentlobo ezininzi ze-electrode inokufaneleka, ngokuxhomekeke kwimiba yeendleko, iimeko zenkonzo, iipropati ezifunwayo zoomatshini kunye nenkitha yemiba enxulumene ne-welding.
Eli nqaku libonelela ngemvelaphi yobugcisa efunekayo ukunika umfundi ukuxabisa ukuntsonkotha kwesihloko kwaye emva koko uphendule eminye yemibuzo eqhelekileyo ebuzwa ngababoneleli bentsimbi yokuzalisa.Iseka izikhokelo eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha iintsimbi ezifanelekileyo zokuzalisa intsimbi engenastainless - kwaye ke ichaza zonke izinto ezingaphandle kwezo zikhokelo!Eli nqaku aliquki iinkqubo ze-welding, njengoko eso sisihloko selinye inqaku.
Amabanga amane, intlaninge yezinto zokudibanisa
Kukho iindidi ezine eziphambili zeentsimbi ezingenasici:
i-austenitic
martensitic
i-ferritic
I-Duplex
Amagama athathwe kwi-crystalline structure yentsimbi ehlala ifunyenwe kwiqondo lokushisa.Xa intsimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni ishushu ngaphezu kwe-912degC, ii-athomu zentsimbi ziphinda zihlengahlengiswe ukusuka kwisakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ferrite kumaqondo okushisa angaphakathi kwi-crystal structure ebizwa ngokuba yi-austenite.Ekupholiseni, ii-athomu zibuyela kwisakhiwo sazo sokuqala, i-ferrite.Isakhiwo sobushushu obuphezulu, i-austenite, ayinamagnetic, iplastiki kwaye inamandla aphantsi kunye ne-ductility enkulu kunesimo sokushisa kwegumbi le-ferrite.
Xa ngaphezu kwe-16% ye-chromium yongezwa kwintsimbi, isakhiwo se-crystalline yokushisa kwegumbi, i-ferrite, izinzile kwaye isinyithi sihlala sikwimeko ye-ferritic kuwo onke amaqondo okushisa.Yiyo loo nto igama elithi ferritic stainless steel lisetyenziswa kwesi siseko sealloyi.Xa ngaphezu kwe-17% ye-chromium kunye ne-7% ye-nickel yongezwa kwintsimbi, i-high-temperature crystalline structure yensimbi, i-austenite, iqiniswe ukuze iqhube kuwo onke amaqondo okushisa ukusuka kweyona nto iphantsi kakhulu ukuya phantse ukunyibilika.
I-Austenitic stainless steel iqhele ukubizwa ngokuba luhlobo lwe-'chrome-nickel', kwaye iintsimbi ze-martensitic kunye ne-ferritic ziqhele ukubizwa ngokuba ziintlobo ze-'straight chrome'.Izinto ezithile zokudibanisa ezisetyenziswa kwiintsimbi ezingenasici kunye neentsimbi ze-weld ziziphatha njenge-austenite stabilizers kunye nezinye njengezizinzi ze-ferrite.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo i-austenite stabilizers yi-nickel, i-carbon, i-manganese kunye ne-nitrogen.I-ferrite stabilizers yi-chromium, i-silicon, i-molybdenum kunye ne-niobium.Ukulinganisa izinto ezidibeneyo kulawula ubuninzi be-ferrite kwintsimbi ye-weld.
Amanqaku e-Austenitic alula ngakumbi kwaye anelisekile adityanisiweyo kunalawo aqulethe ngaphantsi kwe-nickel ye-5%.I-Weld joints eziveliswa kwiintsimbi ze-austenitic stainless ziqinile, zi-ductile kwaye zinzima kwimeko yazo njenge-welded.Ngokuqhelekileyo abafuni ukutshisa kwangaphambili okanye unyango lokutshisa emva kwe-weld.Amanqaku e-Austenitic amalunga ne-80% yensimbi engenasici edityanisiweyo, kwaye eli nqaku lentshayelelo ligxininisa kakhulu kubo.
Itheyibhile 1: Iindidi zensimbi ezingenasici kunye ne-chromium yazo kunye nomxholo we-nickel.
qalisa {c,80%}
iad{Udidi|% Chromium|% Nickel|Iintlobo}
tdata{Austenitic|16 - 30%|8 - 40%|200, 300}
tdata{Martensitic|11 - 18%|0 - 5%|403, 410, 416, 420}
tdata{Ferritic|11 - 30%|0 - 4%|405, 409, 430, 422, 446}
idatha{Duplex|18 - 28%|4 - 8%|2205}
phatha{}
Indlela yokukhetha intsimbi echanekileyo yokuzalisa i-stainless
Ukuba izinto ezisisiseko kuzo zombini iipleyiti ziyafana, umgaqo-siseko wesikhokhelo wawusetyenziswa, 'Qala ngokuthelekisa izinto ezisisiseko.'Oko kusebenza kakuhle kwezinye iimeko;ukudibanisa Udidi lwe-310 okanye i-316, khetha Uhlobo oluhambelanayo lokugcwalisa.
Ukudibanisa imathiriyeli engafaniyo, landela lo mgaqo ukhokelayo: 'khetha into yokuzalisa ukuze itshatise imathiriyeli edityanisiweyo kakhulu.'Ukujoyina 304 ukuya 316, khetha 316 filler.
Ngelishwa, 'umgaqo womdlalo' unezimo ezininzi kangangokuba umgaqo ongcono kukuba, Qhagamshelana netafile yokukhetha isinyithi.Ngokomzekelo, Uhlobo lwe-304 luyinto eqhelekileyo yesiseko sensimbi engenasici, kodwa akukho mntu unikeza i-electrode ye-Type 304.
Indlela weld Uhlobo 304 stainless ngaphandle Uhlobo 304 electrode
Ukudibanisa uhlobo lwe-304 olungenasici, sebenzisa i-Type 308 filler, njengoko izinto ezongezelelweyo ze-alloying ku-Type 308 ziya kuzinzisa ngcono indawo ye-weld.
Nangona kunjalo, i-308L ikwasisigcwalisi esamkelekileyo.Igama elithi 'L' emva kwalo naluphi na uhlobo libonisa umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi.Uhlobo lwe-3XXL olungenasici lunomxholo wekhabhoni we-0.03% okanye ngaphantsi, ngelixa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-3XX olungenasici lunokuba nomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni we-0.08%.
Ngenxa yokuba i-Type L filler iwela ngaphakathi kokuhlelwa okufanayo njengemveliso engeyiyo i-L, abaqulunqi banakho, kwaye kufuneka bacinge ngokungqongqo, besebenzisa i-Type L filler kuba umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi unciphisa umngcipheko we-intergranular corrosion issues.Ngapha koko, ababhali bakhuphisana nohlobo lokugcwalisa lwe-L luya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuba abaqulunqi bahlaziya iinkqubo zabo.
Abaqulunqi abasebenzisa inkqubo ye-GMAW banokufuna ukuqwalasela ukusebenzisa i-Type 3XXSi filler, njengoko ukongezwa kwe-silicon kuphucula ukuphuma kwamanzi.Kwiimeko apho i-weld inesithsaba esiphezulu okanye esinqabileyo, okanye apho i-weld puddle ayibopheli kakuhle kwiinzwane ze-fillet okanye i-lap joint, usebenzisa i-Si Type GMAW electrode inokugudisa i-weld bead kwaye ikhuthaze ukudibanisa okungcono.
Ukuba i-carbide precipitation yinkxalabo, qwalasela uhlobo lwe-347 yokuzalisa, equkethe inani elincinci le-niobium.
Indlela yokudibanisa intsimbi engatyiwayo kwintsimbi yekhabhoni
Le meko yenzeka kwizicelo apho inxalenye enye yesakhiwo ifuna ubuso obunganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion budityaniswe ne-carbon steel structural element ukuthoba iindleko.Xa udibanisa izinto ezisisiseko ezingenayo i-alloying element kwi-base material with alloying elements, sebenzisa i-filler over-alloyed filler ukwenzela ukuba i-dilution ngaphakathi kwe-weld metal balances okanye i-alloyed kakhulu kunesiseko sesinyithi esingenasici.
Ukudibanisa i-carbon steel kwi-Type 304 okanye i-316, kunye nokujoyina iintsimbi ezingenasici ezingafaniyo, qwalasela uhlobo lwe-electrode ye-309L kwizicelo ezininzi.Ukuba umxholo we-Cr ophezulu uyafunwa, qwalasela uhlobo lwama-312.
Njengesilumkiso, i-austenitic stainless steels ibonisa izinga lokwandiswa okumalunga ne-50 pesenti enkulu kuneye-carbon steel.Xa kudityaniswa, amaxabiso ahlukeneyo okwandisa anokubangela ukuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngaphandle kokuba i-electrode efanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo ye-welding isetyenziswa.
Sebenzisa iindlela ezichanekileyo zokucoca i-weld
Njengezinye iintsimbi, qala ngokususa ioli, igrisi, iimpawu kunye nokungcola nge-solvent non-chlorinated.Emva koko, umgaqo oyintloko wokulungiswa kwe-weld stainless 'Gwema ukungcoliswa kwe-carbon steel ukukhusela ukubola.'Ezinye iinkampani zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezihlukeneyo 'kwivenkile yazo engenastainless' kunye 'nevenkile yekhabhoni' ukunqanda ukungcoliseka.
Khetha amavili okusila kunye neebrashi ezingenastainless 'njenge-stainless kuphela' xa ulungiselela imiphetho yokuwelda.Ezinye iinkqubo zibiza ukucoca i-intshi ezimbini ukusuka kwindawo edibeneyo.Ukulungiswa okuhlangeneyo nako kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ukuhlawulela ukungahambisani nokunyanzeliswa kwe-electrode kunzima kune-carbon steel.
Sebenzisa inkqubo yokucoca ipost-weld echanekileyo ukunqanda umhlwa
Ukuqala, khumbula ukuba yintoni eyenza intsimbi engenastainless: ukusabela kwechromium ngeoksijini ukwenza umaleko okhuselayo wechromium oxide kumphezulu wento.Umhlwa ongenanto ngenxa yemvula ye-carbide (jonga ngezantsi) kwaye ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ye-welding itshisa intsimbi ye-weld ukuya kwindawo apho i-ferritic oxide ingenza khona phezu kwe-weld.Ekhohlo kwimeko ene-welded, i-weld enesandi esigqibeleleyo sinokubonisa 'iingoma zenqwelo yomhlwa' kwimida yendawo echatshazelwe bubushushu ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24.
Ukuze umaleko omtsha we-chromium oxide ecocekileyo ikwazi ukuguqulwa ngokufanelekileyo, insimbi engenasici idinga ukucocwa kwe-post-weld ngokupolisha, ukuchola, ukucola okanye ukuxubha.Kwakhona, sebenzisa iigrinder kunye neebrashi ezinikezelwe kumsebenzi.
Kutheni le nto intsimbi ye-welding yentsimbi imagnetic?
Intsimbi ye-austenitic epheleleyo ayinamagnetic.Nangona kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu e-welding adala inkozo enkulu ngokwentelekiso kwi-microstructure, ekhokelela ekubeni i-weld ibe ne-crack-sensitive.Ukunciphisa uvakalelo ekuqhekekeni okutshisayo, abavelisi be-electrode bongeza izinto ze-alloying, kuquka i-ferrite.Isigaba se-ferrite sibangela ukuba iinkozo ze-austenitic zibe ngcono kakhulu, ngoko ke i-weld iyancipha ngakumbi ukuqhekeka.
Imagnethi ayiyi kunamathela kwi-spool ye-austenitic stainless filler, kodwa umntu ophethe umazibuthe unokuziva etsalwa kancinci ngenxa yeferrite egciniweyo.Ngelishwa, oku kubangela ukuba abanye abasebenzisi bacinge ukuba imveliso yabo ayibhalwanga ngendlela engeyiyo okanye basebenzisa intsimbi engalunganga yokuzalisa (ingakumbi ukuba bayikrazule ileyibhile kwingobozi yocingo).
Isixa esichanekileyo se-ferrite kwi-electrode ixhomekeke kubushushu benkonzo yesicelo.Ngokomzekelo, i-ferrite eninzi ibangela ukuba i-weld ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo kumaqondo aphantsi.Ngaloo ndlela, i-Type 308 filler yesicelo semibhobho ye-LNG inenombolo ye-ferrite phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-6, xa kuthelekiswa nenani le-ferrite ye-8 yokugcwalisa uhlobo lwe-308 oluqhelekileyo.Ngamafutshane, iintsimbi zokuzalisa zingabonakala zifana ekuqaleni, kodwa ukungafani okuncinci ekubunjweni kubalulekile.
Ngaba ikho indlela elula yokuwelda iintsimbi eziphindwe kabini?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-duplex steels stainless ine-microstructure ebandakanya malunga ne-50% ye-ferrite kunye ne-50% ye-austenite.Ngamagama alula, i-ferrite inika amandla aphezulu kunye nokuchasana noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking ngelixa i-austenite ibonelela ngokuqina okuhle.Izigaba ezibini ezidityanisiweyo zinika i-duplex steels iimpawu zabo ezikhangayo.Uluhlu olubanzi lwe-duplex steels stainless luyafumaneka, kunye neyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-Type 2205;oku kuqulathe 22% chromium, 5% nickel, 3% molybdenum kunye 0.15% nitrogen.
Xa welding duplex steel stainless, iingxaki zinokuvela ukuba i-weld metal ine-ferrite eninzi (ubushushu obuvela kwi-arc bubangela ukuba ii-athom zilungelelanise kwi-matrix ye-ferrite).Ukuhlawula, iintsimbi zokuzalisa kufuneka zikhuthaze isakhiwo se-austenitic esinomxholo ophezulu we-alloy, ngokuqhelekileyo i-2 ukuya kwi-4% ye-nickel ngaphezu kwesiseko sesinyithi.Umzekelo, i-flux-cored wire ye-welding Type 2205 ingaba ne-8.85% ye-nickel.
Umxholo ofunekayo we-ferrite unokusuka kwi-25 ukuya kwi-55% emva kwe-welding (kodwa ingaba phezulu).Qaphela ukuba izinga lokupholisa kufuneka licothe ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela i-austenite ukuba iguquke, kodwa ingacothi kangako ukuze yenze izigaba ze-intermetallic, okanye ikhawuleze kakhulu ukudala i-ferrite egqithisileyo kwindawo echatshazelwe bubushushu.Landela iinkqubo ezicetyiswayo zomenzi wenkqubo ye-weld kunye nentsimbi yokugcwalisa ekhethiweyo.
Ukulungelelaniswa kweeparamitha xa welding steel stainless
Abaqulunqi abahlala behlengahlengisa iiparamitha (i-voltage, i-amperage, ubude be-arc, i-inductance, ububanzi be-pulse, njl.njl) xa i-welding steel stainless steel, i-culprit eqhelekileyo yinto engahambelaniyo ye-filler metal composition.Ukunikezelwa kokubaluleka kwezinto ezidibeneyo, ukuhluka kwe-lot-to-lot ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali kunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kwe-weld, njengokungabikho kokumanzi okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-slag enzima.Ukwahluka kwi-diameter ye-electrode, ukucoceka kwendawo, i-cast kunye ne-helix nayo ichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-GMAW kunye ne-FCAW izicelo.
Ukulawula ukulawula i-carbide precipitation kwi-austenitic stainless steel
Kwiqondo lokushisa kwi-426-871degC, umxholo wekhabhoni ongaphezulu kwe-0.02% ufudukela kwimida yengqolowa yesakhiwo se-austenitic, apho isabela nge-chromium ukwenza i-chromium carbide.Ukuba i-chromium ibotshelelwe kunye nekhabhoni, ayifumaneki kwi-corrosion resistance.Xa ibekwe kwindawo enomhlwa, i-intergranular corrosion iphumela, evumela ukuba imida yeenkozo ityiwe.
Ukulawula imvula ye-carbide, gcina umxholo wekhabhoni uphantsi kangangoko (0.04% ubuninzi) nge-welding nge-electrodes ephantsi kwekhabhoni.Ikhabhoni inokubotshelelwa yi-niobium (eyayifudula iyi-columbium) kunye ne-titanium, ezinobudlelwane obuluqilima bekhabhoni kunechromium.Uhlobo lwe-347 electrode lwenziwa kule njongo.
Indlela yokulungiselela ingxoxo malunga nokukhethwa kwentsimbi yokuzalisa
Ubuncinci, qokelela ulwazi malunga nokuphela kokusetyenziswa kwenxalenye edityanisiweyo, kubandakanywa ubume benkonzo (ingakumbi amaqondo obushushu okusebenza, ukuvezwa kwizinto ezitshabalalisayo kunye nenqanaba lokumelana nokuhlwa okulindelweyo) kunye nobomi benkonzo obufunwayo.Ulwazi malunga neempawu zomatshini ezifunekayo kwiimeko zokusebenza kunceda kakhulu, kubandakanywa amandla, ukuqina, ukuxhamla kunye nokukhathala.
Uninzi lwabavelisi be-electrode abahamba phambili babonelela ngeencwadi zesikhokelo zokukhethwa kwesinyithi sokuzalisa, kwaye ababhali abanako ukugxininisa le ngongoma: jongana nesikhokelo sokusetyenziswa kwesinyithi okanye uqhagamshelane neengcali zobugcisa bomenzi.Bakhona ukunceda ekukhetheni i-electrode yentsimbi echanekileyo.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neentsimbi ze-TYUE zokugcwalisa intsimbi kunye nokuqhagamshelana neengcali zenkampani ukuze ufumane iingcebiso, yiya ku-www.tyuelec.com.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-23-2022